Steam-turbine.



G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE.

AIPLIGATION FILED JUEE 4,1901.

993,046. Patented Nov 3, 1908.

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PATENT OFFICE.

GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO, OF MILAN, ITALY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

Application filed June 4, 1907. Serial No. 377,236.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO, mechanical engineer, subject of the King of Ital residing at Milan, Italy, No. 1 Via Pao 0 Frisi, have invented new and useful Im rovements in Heat Prime Movers with Mu tiple Expansion, Es ecially in Steam- Turbines, of which the fo owing is a specification.

It is well known that the common 0 cle followed by the motive fluid in a steam p ant (reciprocatin engine or turbine) has a very eienc for on one side it does not correspond tot e conditions of the cycle of Carnot and on the other side nearly the whole of the heat transmitted to the motive fluid in the boiler passes over into the condenser.

The fpurpose of the present invention is that 0 increasing the said efficiency, to which efl'ectthe following means have been resorted to, namely:

1. To heat within the turbine a weight of water equal to that one oi the steam consumed and cause the same to move in an opposite direction to the steam. This water is then led into the boiler.

2. To cause another liquid substance, the upper limit curve of which has its points situated underneath the upper limit curve of steam, to eva orate and act upon the same Suc a substance could be for instance sulfur dioxid, alcohol, C(Jl &c. &c.

In both cases the steam is caused to expand polytropically (beginning from the initial temperature and pressure depending u on those of the boiler and the opening of t e admission valve controlled the governor) into a first set of guide vanes or distributer (impulse turbine, or turbine with multiple wheels) or in a series, of distributers and of successive wheels (reaction turbines) until it reaches a certain pressure (which in the case of overheated steam can be such that the final temperature of the expansion is still higher than that one corresponding to the saturated steam at the admission pressure.) Thence the steam is caused to undergo a transformation at constant ressure, causing it to give up heat either to t e water or to some other fluid, which is moving in the turbine in o osite direction and has already been heate y successive transformations of the steam. Afterwards the steam is still caused to expand either in a successive distributer or in another set of distributors and 1 wheels, in order to cause it to undergo a new transformation at constant pressure, when it gives up heat to the same fluid and so forth, until with successive expansions and losses of heat the steam has gradually reduced its pressure, its temperature and its specific volume so that at the discharge before the condenser there will be either water, when the second one of the solutions indicated is adopted, or very wet steam, when the first one is ado ted, at the temperature of the condenser w iich, on account of the small amount of heat to be taken ofl, preferably is a jet condenser.

The accompanying of example only how may be carried out.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a reaction turbine of the Parsons type, the same being modified so as to embody my present invention; Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view of a portion of a turbine havin fluid-compressing fans embodied therewit and Fig. '3 is a detail sectional view of a portion of a turbine having a vertical axis and showing a modified arrangement for the circulation of the secondary or auxiliary fluid.

Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a longitu dinal section of a reaction turbine of Parsons type modified in such a way as to utilize a reat deal of the heat of evaporation, when it is the case of steam, iving up the same, as already told, either to t e water to be heated within the boiler or to the other fluid.

What will be hereinafter set forth can also be applied to a turbine with multiple wheels of the im ulse instead of the reaction type.

According to Fig. 1 the turbine (Fig. 1) has been divided into five sets or roups 0 wheels g, g,, g g 9 At the end 0 each set there is a heating vessel A;, A, A into which discharges the exhaust steam of the previous set; the heating vessels A A are connected in series. 7

In Fig. 1 the arrows l to 8 respectively show 1 the delivery pipe of the first wheel of a centrifugal pump as shown in the drawing; 2 the suction pipe of the second wheel of said centrifugal pump; 3 the delivery pipe of the second wheel of the aforesaid pump 4 the suction ipe of the third wheel of said pump; 5 the delivery pipe of the third wheel thereof; 6 the suction pipe of the fourth wheel thereof; 7 the delivery pipe of the fourth wheel thereof; 8 the suction ipe of the fifth wheel 1 of the same centrifuge pump.

drawings show by way the present invention The second fluid entering at 1 from the last heater A passes to A from this one to A,, where the steam roduced by means of the tube b acts upon t 1e last group of wheels. On the bottom of A the heated, but not evaporated liquidpasses to the suction pipe 2 of the second wheel of the centrifu al pump (the first wheel of which forces t e iquid into ipe I). Said centrifugal pump forces the liquid into heater A,, where it is evaporated; the produced steam is led to act upon the set of wheels g, by means of pipe 0 and so forth.

The heaters for the secondary or auxiliary fluid may be of any a propriate construction that will permit the lbw of the steam or primary fluid and the secondary fluid therethrough, the heaters shown in the present instance being of the cellular or tubular type, such as employed in the water cooling systems of automobiles, the secondary or auxiliary fluid flowing through a cell or tank, and the steam or primary fluid flowing throu h the tubes which extend through such tan 5 as shown conventional] upon the drawing.

From the bottom of A starts the tube which leads to the suction ipe 6 of the fourth wheel of the centrifugal pump, which through 7 forces the warm liquid mtothe heater A, through which goes the steam escaping along the first balance iston S,.

The heater A connected wit A by means of the tube b, utilizes the heat of the steam, which escapes along the second piston S and the roduced steam joins to that one iven by t he heater A, The discharge 0 S, through a tube not shown in the drawing crosses A Between S, and 8,, between S and S, for the same aim injections of water can be made.

Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a partial section either of an im ulse, or a reaction turbine with multiple wheels; same is the section of the first set of wheels, as for the successive ones the same disposition is repeated. Namely, always for the same aim, it is supposed that at the exhaust of the last set a pump of any type (in the drawing a set of centrifu al fans connected in series) sucks up the smal quantity of vapor of the second fluid, which is formed there, compresses and forces the same through a heater ap lied at the exhaust of thepenultimate set, w en it is again compressed and so forth. At the same time the liquid fluid gathered at the exhaust is in'ected into the last heater, taken up from the atter, injected into the penultimate one and so forth. If the water is to be heated, the hot water is caused to circulate by a centrifugal pump with multiple wheels connected in series either separated from the turbine, or in some way embodied in the same.

Fi 2 shows a part of the second set of whee g,, the fans 0 connected in series, which from t receive the vapor of the second within the pump or fan '0 and .the heat which is fluid which comes from a successive heater after having flown through the heater A The steam which leaves the set g, flows through the heater A and asses to the set 9,. Through the tube a tie hot fluid not evaporated by the heaters A A, enters A,; the fluid not evaporated in A escapes from t and can pass into a heater surrounded by the combustion gases of the boilers. The vapor of the second fluid compressed by the fans 1', flows through the tube t and is subjected to a further com ression in v; thence it escapes as shown b t 1e arrow 9, when it is either admitted to t 1e second set of wheels or overheated and mixed with the steam arriving from B. The fans 1) also act as dummy pistons balancing the axial thrust of the turbine.

Lastly Fig. 3, where the arrow 10 indicates the entering of the steam and the arrow 11 indicates the assage to the centrifugal pump with multip e wheels, not shown in the drawings, relates to the application of the same principle and the samee ements to an impulse turbine with vertical axis and multiple stages connected in series. (The disposition substantially remains the same even when it is the case of impulse turbines with horizontal axis).

1", r, r, r, are the running wheels of the turbine proper 1), '0 '0 1),, the sets of fans or rotary compressing pumps, 0, c, 0, 0 are collecting chambers at the ends thereof; p, p, p, are pipes crossin the turbine casing and communicating with the centrifugal pump; 1, 2, 3 are spaces connecting the fans 1), v, v, with the heaters A A A The vapor of the second fluid at the exhaust 4 of the wheel 1", is compressed by the fan '0, and through the tube if, sent into the heater A together with the condensed water collecting within the tube 6. The generated vapor is compressed asses from 0 into A through the tube t tie hot water through the tube 22,, is also conveyed into A, by means of the centrifugal pump and the process goes on in the rescribed manner until after the first heaterr the vapor along 1 passes to the pump 1;, and from c it goes on through the tube t,, in order to get dried and overheated when it joins the steam, which is coming from the boiler. Therewith the advantage of controllin the motive power with the systems common y in use is obtained.

Any suitable li uid or fluid may be employed as a secon ary or auxiliary fluid, the desideratum bein to employ a secondary or auxiliary liquid 0% such a character as will readily absorb an appropriate p oportion of iven up by t e steam or other primary fluid. Gaseous sulfur dioxid (S0,) is extremely soluble in water, water being ca able of absorbing about forty volumes o this as at a temperature of 20 C. although liquid sulfur dioxid is almost insoluble. The separation of the water from the auxiliary fluid, an practical tests have demonstrated used.

Having now fully described the resent invention and how the same is to be carried out, what I claim is:

1. An elastic fluid prime mover having fluid driven elements for expansively utilizing a primary driving fluid, means for conducting said primary driving fluid from one element to the other, and means for conducting a second fluid through the prime mover under the influence of the heat of the prithat water alone may be so mary fluid whereby an increase in the temerature of the secondary fluid is caused durmg a corresponding decrease in the temperature of the primar fluid.

2. An elastic uid prime mover having fluid driven elements for expansivel utilizing a primary driving fluid, means flbr conducting said primary drivinfluid from one element to the other, means or conducting a second fluid through the prime mover under the influence of the heat of the primary fluid whereby a rise in tem erature of the secondary flu d is caused uring the decrease in temperature of the primary fluid, and means for conduct the secondary fluid to the fluid driven eements of the prime mover whereby the ene thereof may be utilized.

3. An elastic uid prime mover having fluid driven elements, means for conducting a primary driving fluid in a given direction successively from one element to the other, and means for conducting a secondary fluid through the rimary mover in an o posite direction to t e direction of'flow of t he primar fluid, the secondary fluid being sub ect tot e heat of the primary fluid.

4. A multi le expansion turbine havi a plurality of uid driven elements, means or conducting a primary driving fluid thro h said turbine and successivel from one e ement thereof to the other, an means for co ducting av secondary fluid through said turbine in a direction reverse to the direction of flow of the primary drivingfluid, the secondary fluid being subject to t e temperature influences of the primary flu1d.

5. A multi le expansion turbine having a plurality of uid driven elements, means or about 1.04 timesthe density.

conducting a secondary or conducting a primary fluid successively from one element to another, heaters arranged between the respective fluid driven elements and subject to the heat of the primary driving fluid, and means for conducting a secondary motive fluid successively through the said heaters.

6. A multiple expansion turbine having a plurality of fluid driven elements, means for conducting a primary driving fluid succes sively from one of said elements to another, a set of heaters arranged between the respective fluid driven elements and subject to the temperature conditions of the primary driving fluid, means for conducting a secondary driving fluid' successively through said heaters in a direction reverse to the direction of flow of the primary drivin fluid, and means for conducting the secon ary driving fluid, the temperature of which has been increased in passing through said heaters to the fluid inlet of the turbine.

7. A multi 1e expansion turbine provided with a plura ity of fluid -driven elements, means for conducting a primary driving fluid successively from one of said elements to another, means for conducting a secondary fluid through said turbine under the influence of the heat of the primary fluid, and compressing devices for causing a circulation of said secondary fluid during the operation of the turbine.

8. A multi le expansion turbine rovided with a set of uid driven elements a apted to receive a primary driving fluid, means for conducting a secondary driving fluid successively from one of said elements to another under the influence of the heat of the primary fluid, and a centrifugal pump combined with the fluid driven elements of the turbine for roducing a circulation of the secondary fluid under pressure.

9. An elastic fluid prime mover having fluid driven elements, means for conducting a rimary driving fluid successively from one 0 said elements to another, and means for auxiliary fluid through the prime mover under the influence of the heat of the primary driving fluid, said fluid being vaporizable at a temperature lower than that of the primary driving fluid.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO.

Witnesses:

B. CARLO SALVOTTI, M. LINSELYJEN. 

